Cleaner Production: Addressing Future Horizon of B...

MAK's Dream: Cleaner Production: Addressing Future Horizon of B...: Cleaner Production: An Overview Cleaner Production (CP) : The term Cleaner Production was defined by UNEP in 1990 as: “The cont...

MAK's Dream: Cleaner Production: Addressing Future Horizon of B...

MAK's Dream: Cleaner Production: Addressing Future Horizon of B...: Cleaner Production: An Overview Cleaner Production (CP) : The term Cleaner Production was defined by UNEP in 1990 as: “The cont...

Cleaner Production: Addressing Future Horizon of Business Practices & Profession

Cleaner Production: An Overview

Cleaner Production (CP) : The term Cleaner Production was defined by UNEP in 1990 as:“The continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment”.

Cleaner Production is the Manufacturing Process in which Waste Minimization and Waste Prevention Practices are continuously applied. These practices include

(1)   Conservation of Raw Materials and Energy,

(2)   Elimination of Toxic Inputs, and

(3)   Reduction in Toxic Outputs.

Cleaner Production (CP) is a strategy to minimize waste through the:

Ø  Prevention of waste through good housekeeping, improved process management, new or modified production process / equipment / technologies, material substitution / reuse / recovery and changing products or producing useful by-products

Ø  Systematic approach to identify and implement options for improvement

Ø    Integration in a company’s processes and products

Ø  Continuous improvement by minimizing waste as an ongoing activity

CP Methodologies:

A 6-step methodology includes: Getting started; Analyzing process steps; Generating CP opportunities; Selecting CP solutions; Implementation of CP solutions; Maintaining CP

In order to ensure Cleaner Production, a broad knowledge are require to  following terms ;

Manufacturing Process: A process involving raw materials, components, or assemblies, usually on a large scale with different operations divided among different workers.

Raw Materials: Basic substance in its natural, modified, or semi-processed state, used as an input to a production process for subsequent modification or transformation into a finished good.

Energy: Measure of the ability of a body or system to do work or produce a change, expressed usually in joules or kilowatt hours (kWh). The two basic types of energy are

1.      Potential: energy associated with the nature, position, or state (such as chemical energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy).

2.       Kinetic: energy associated with motion (such as a moving car or a spinning wheel).

Manufacturing Components: Uniquely identifiable input, part, piece, assembly or sub-assembly, system or subsystem, that

1.      Is required to complete or finish an activity, item, or job,

2.      Performs a distinctive and necessary function in the operation of a system, or

3.      Is intended to be included as a part of a finished, packaged, and labeled item.

Wastes: Generally wastes are,

1.      Resources consumed by inefficient or non-essential activities.

2.      Unwanted material left over from a production process, or output which has no marketable value.

3.      Process or material that does not (from the viewpoint of the customer) add value to a good or service.

4.      Material discharged to, deposited in, or emitted to an environment in such amount or manner that causes a harmful change.

In CP, There are literally hundreds words for different types of waste:

• allowance • BOD • broke • contaminated solids

• core loss • customer retu • damage • drainings • dust

• effluent • evaporation • furnace loss • greenhouse loss • hidden losses

• leakage •non-conforming material • overfill • packaging

• process loss • rework • second quality • stock loss • washings and etc.

           

Toxic: Carcinogenic, poisonous, or otherwise directly harmful to life in any form.. Technically, a substance is toxic if its

1.      Medial lethal dose (Lethal Dose 50 or LD50) is more than 50 milligrams (but not more than 500 milligrams) per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 to 300 grams each,

2.      LD50 is more than 200 milligrams (but not more than 1000 milligrams or 1 gram) per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 to 3 kilograms each,

3.      Median lethal concentration (Lethal Concentration 50 or LC50) in air is more than 200 parts per million (but not more than 2000 parts per million) by volume of gas or vapor (or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of dust, fume, or mist) when administered by continuous inhalation for more than 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 to 300 grams each.

Cleaner Production (CP) : Concepts and Practice

Team for CP success: A team comprises Managers, engineers and  finance people, product development, plant operations need to develop who play an important role in disseminating information on good environmental practice.

Cleaner Production practices:

1.      Good Housekeeping: take appropriate managerial and  operational actions to prevent:

- leaks

- spills

- to enforce existing operational instructions

2. Input Substitution: substitute input materials

- by less toxic

- or by renewable materials

- or by adjunct materials which have a longer service life-time in production

3. Better Process Control modify:

- operational procedures

- equipment instructions and process record keeping in order to run the processes more  efficiently and at lower waste and emission generation rates

4. Equipment Modification modify the existing production equipment and utilities in order:

- run the processes at higher efficiency

- lower waste and emission generation rates

5. Technology Change replace of:

- the technology

- processing sequence

- synthesis pathway in order to minimize waste and emission generation during production

6. On-site Recovery/Reuse:

- reuse of the wasted materials in the same process for another useful application within the company

7. Product Modification modify the product characteristics in order:

- to minimize the environmental impacts of the product during or after its use (disposal)

- to minimize the environmental impacts of its production

Roadmap to Zero Discharge Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC)-An Overview

 WHAT IS THE ZDHC PROGRAM?

• ZDHC is a very ambitious and challenging goal.
• A plan that makes change for the Apparel and Footwear industry
• The program is owned and led by the Signatory Members

COMMITMENT: To the goal of Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals by year 2020

JOINT ROAD MAP: Drafted the Joint Road map, published on 15th Nov 2011

WHY: 

• Chemicals are used in apparel and footwear production.
• Some chemicals are hazardous and can be harmful for the environment, for reproduction and for aquatic organisms.
• This is why we have been working hard since years in regulating chemical thresholds, which in many cases  is more stringent than required by legal regulations or industry standards. 
• However, residuals and contamination can still exist.
• That is why we have jointly made a commitment to lead our industry towards zero discharge of hazardous chemicals (ZDHC) by 2020. 
• Ultimately, chemical management across our supply chain must be  improved and integrated.               

 HOW: 

• Joint Road-map Published November 2011
• Understand how to achieve the goal for the industry
• Work collaboratively with the industry and stakeholders towards the goal
• Achieve the goal by 2020